How to Use an XLR Mic Without an Audio Interface
To use an XLR mic without an audio interface, plug it into an XLR to USB adapter, a USB mixer, or a portable recorder that works over USB. Each one is a mic preamp and converter in a different box.
An XLR mic puts out 1 to 10 millivolts, about 1,000 times weaker than line level, according to Shure's explanation of mic and line level. So a plain XLR to 3.5mm cable into your laptop jack is a last resort. It has no preamp and can't power a condenser.
Your three options
| Option | Example | Gain and power | Gives up |
|---|---|---|---|
| XLR to USB adapter | Shure MVX2U Gen 2 | 60 dB gain, 48V, 24-bit/48 kHz | One mic only |
| USB mixer | Yamaha AG06MK2 | 48V on channels 1 and 2, 24-bit/192 kHz | 2-track recording, not a track per input |
| Recorder as interface | Zoom H6essential | 4 XLR/TRS inputs, 48V, 32-bit float | Bigger and pricier than an adapter |
For one mic, get the adapter. Shure says the MVX2U Gen 2's 60 dB is enough for an SM7B, and its 3.5mm jack gives you zero-latency monitoring.
A USB mixer makes sense for streaming, since the AG06MK2's loopback blends computer audio into the stream. The tradeoff is in can a mixer be used as an audio interface, and condenser power is in what 48V phantom power does.
Haven't bought the mic yet? Compare XLR vs USB microphones or browse the microphones for home recording hub.
Related questions
Can I plug an XLR mic straight into my computer?
Only through something with a mic preamp in it, such as an XLR to USB adapter. A mic puts out 1 to 10 millivolts, about 1,000 times weaker than line level, so it needs gain before the computer can use it.
Will an XLR to USB adapter power a condenser mic?
Some will. The Shure MVX2U Gen 2 supplies 48V phantom power, which is on by default, so turn it off in Shure's app before plugging in a ribbon mic.
Can I use two XLR mics without an interface?
Yes, with a USB mixer or a recorder that works as an interface. The Zoom H6essential has 4 XLR/TRS inputs and records 6 in over USB in multi-track mode.
More answers: Home recording FAQ